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=**__IRAN__**=

Mossadegh, Kashani, MAIN, Shah, EHM, AIOC, Britian and MI6, US and the CIA, home



Summary

 * Before Mossadegh took power in Iran and decided to nationalize Iran's oil, the Bristish owned company know as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, AIOC, was the sole oil company operating in Iran.
 * Under the leadership the new prime minister, Mossadegh, Iran attempted to nationalize its oil through the Oil Nationalization Act. His actions lead to retaliation by both Britian and the United States.
 * MAIN A company that forces a country into debt so that they will do favors for them
 * EHM Economic Hit Man- Someone who makes the country believe the should borrow large amounts of money to pay for huge construction projects.
 * Kashani Affiliated with Mossadegh and was approached by the United States CIA and British MI6 and was offered money to break ties between Mossadegh. The CIA and MI6 also asked him to support the Shah.
 * Shah A figure head in Iran that the CIA put in place of Mossadegh. The CIA's plans hinged on the young Shah of Iran, Reza Pahlavi, a timid and inexperienced figurehead.
 * Britain and the MI6 were the sole reasons for all the Shahs in the early and mid 20th century. Britian and MI6 used their power to have continually strong stances in the Oil stakes in Iran.
 * US and the CIA used their economic and military powers to create their own steak in Iran's oil. The US created the plan for the coup of 1953.

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Backround
Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and the shah was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987 and 1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US and UN economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and conventional weapons proliferation. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and similarly a reformer Majles (parliament) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. In December 2006 and March 2007, the international community passed resolutions 1737 and 1747 respectively after Iran failed to comply with UN demands to halt the enrichment of uranium or to agree to full IAEA oversight of its nuclear program. In October 2007, Iranian entities were also subject to US sanctions under EO 13382 designations for proliferation activities and EO 13224 designations for providing material support to the Taliban and other terrorist organizations.



Vital Statistics
Infant mortality rate: 38.12 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at birth: 70.56 years GDP - per capita (PPP): $12,300 (2007 est.) Population below poverty line: 18% (2007 est.)

Transnational Issues
Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed tributaries to the Helmand River in periods of drought; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which are occupied by Iran; Iran stands alone among littoral states in insisting upon a division of the Caspian Sea into five equal sectors Iran is a source, transit, and destination country for women and girls trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude; according to foreign observers, women and girls are trafficked to Pakistan, Turkey, the Persian Gulf, and Europe for sexual exploitation, while boys from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan are trafficked through Iran en route to Persian Gulf states where they are ultimately forced to work as camel jockeys, beggars, or laborers; Afghan women and girls are trafficked to the country for forced marriages and sexual exploitation; women and children are also trafficked internally for the purposes of forced marriage, sexual exploitation, and involuntary servitude despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; highest percentage of the population in the world using opiates; lacks anti-money-laundering laws https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html